Compositions and methods for treating articles



United States Patent 6 COMPGSITIONS AND WETHGDS FOR TREATlNG ARTHILES Michael W. Freeman, Detroit, Mich.

No Drawing. Application October 6, 1952, Serial No. 313,357

ll Claims. (Cl. 1.48-6.17)

This invention relates to the treatment of machine and seizing of such machine elements when operating underconditions of extremely high pressures and temeratures, and further relates to compositions used in uch treatments and to the articles resulting therefrom.

This iapplication is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 737,735, filed March 27, 1947, Patent No. 2,614,943 October 21, 1952.

Machine el ments using the term in a generic sense, .under service conditions are subject to deterioration in one'or more of many directions including scufiing, scoring, "seilzing. Thus in development in structure and design of modern engines and machines, such increased power and speed has resulted that previously suitable extreme pressure lubricants designed to lubricate and prevent-damage to movable machine parts are frequently entirely useless for lubrication of modern machines, especially during the breaking-in period. Thus due to the inability of lubricating materials to withstand extreme pressures and/ or severe conditions developed in the engine or machine during operation, hypoid gears, pistons, piston rings, cylinder walls, cam shafts,, as well as other essential parts of the engine are severely damaged or fail completely. Similar considerations apply to moving parts in other combinations and especially where free lubrication is contra-indicated, as for example, in connection with hinges, particularly for automobile doors, shock absorbers, pistons, piston rod guides, aluminum pistons and rings, piston rods, etc.

In accordance with the present invention, machine elements particularly those which operate under conditions where there is frictionalconta'ct of surfaces of such elements are modified in order to protect them from deterioration or development of defects under service conditions, particularly of severe character, as for example, to prevent scuffing, scoring and seizure. The term machine elements is used in a broad sense to cover all kinds and manner of such elements which are used under operating conditions where frictional forces come into play and include for example, gears, pistons, piston rings, cylinder Walls, cam shafts, engine parts generally, hinge shock absorbers parts, shafts, pinions, pump parts, bearings, journals, dies for drawing and stamping, etc. Such elements are principally of ferrous or ferrous alloy type but various features of the invention are applicable to other metals and metallic alloys besides irons and steels including copper, bronze, aluminum, etc. Exemplary effects obtained in treatment of ferrous and ferrous alloys will be utilized to illustrate the invention below.

In accordance with the present invention, it is believed that the surface of the metal is altered chemically and that there is formed thereon an integral thin protective lubricating film. it is further believed that there is alteration in the chemical composition of the metal sur-' face leading to the formation of complex surface coatings or metal modified at the surface which modified surfaces possess anti-welding and anti-frictional properties. But in referring to surface modification in this way whether chemical or physical or a combination of such efiects, no limitation on the invention is intended by any theoretical considerations, since the observed effects have been obtained regardless of the explanation offered to explain those results.

The treatment is carried out by the use of a phosphorus sulfide compound either inorganic or organic with or without an organic sul-fonic derivative or combinations of such stated materials may be employed. They are utilized generally in a treating medium which carries the treating agent or combinations of treating agents. With the phosphorus sulfide materials it is believed that'there is formed on the metal surface a complex phosphosulfide and/ or sulfophosphosulfide coating or a sulfonate film or a combination of such coatings and films depending on the materials employed in the treatment. Such treated metals have the desired characteristics explained above of resisting deterioration or production of defects.

Ordinarily the treatment material or agent will be dissolved or dispersed in an inert medium of liquid character such as mono or poly alcohols including ethyl or other monohydric alcohols, glycols such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, etc., but where the treating agent is itself liquid or liquefiable under the conditions employed in the treatment of metal therewith, it may be used by itself without any addition of inert medium. Or the treating agent may be dissolved in or dispersed in liquid treating agents produced in accordance with the present invention, the latter serving not only as a treating medium but also as a medium for carrying the first mentioned treating agent.

The medium in which the treating agent or combinations of treating agents is employed will necessarily .vary when utilized depending on the nature ofthe treating agent or combination treating agent employed, the conditions under which it is utilized, and the metal being subjected to treatment. It should be kept in mind and emphasized that the present invention is concerned with the treatment of machine elements in their final fabricated form in condition for use Without further metal working such as rolling, drawing, stamping, etc. Itis the final fabricated element which is utilized in accordance with the present invention and which is subjected to the treatment to give it the properties set forth above so that such fabricated machines element is ready for use directly after the treatment without further metal working of any character. While, of course,'such machine elements may after the treatment be subjected to a simple operation such as cleaning, even this is generally 'not necessary unless there are materials in the treating agent which should be removed to prevent further action on the metal of the machine element or for any functional or non-functional reason.

Other ingredients may be included for special purposes to incorporate rust-proofing, non-freezing, or active ingredients such as acids, bases, etc., lipoid materials including the animal lipoids such as fats, fatty acids, etc., and the vegetable lipoids including the vegetable fats, vegetable fatty acids, etc., or combinations of them, or the vegetable, animal, and mineral oils and their various fractions and distillates or combinations of any of these stated lipoids and mineral oil fractions, as well as organic fluids in general, both functional and non-functional, such as ((1) organic or inorganic bases'acting as solvents for phosphorus-sulfide, or to absorb gases formed, such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. and (b) organic fluids including aliphatic, alicyclic, carboxylic, and heteroor carrying 'medium as explained above The condi-' tions for treatment depend again on the nature of the treating composition, the metal being treated, and the degree of surface modification which is sought. The treatment may be carried out at elevated temperatures by immersion of the machine element in the desired treating agent or medium carrying such treating agent and after the treatment has been carried out to the degree desired, removing the treated machine element from the treating bath and subsequently if desired removing excess treating agent or bath from the element and drying it. These operations are not necessarily indicated depending on the conditions under which the operation is carried out and the treating medium itself.

I These treatments in the present case should be distinguished from the prior art use of extreme pressure lubricants containing additives. Such conventional prior art extreme pressure lubricants are utilized to withstand pressures as molecular ball bearings. And the extreme pressure lubricant composition must be retained and used as such. In the present invention, on the other hand, there is accomplished a surface phenomena, a definitive directed surface physico-chemical change that is an integral part of the machine or other element treated and is self-sufficient, i. e., it can function at extreme pressures in a medium ordinarily not capable of sustaining such service. The effective film thus produced on the part in accordance with the present invention can be effected by heat and proper concentration of the active compound in a relatively short time,'or a similar surface reaction may be effected gradually over a longer period of time at lower temperatures after which the metal surface is self-sufficient in extreme pressure service. Also it may be noted that because of their properties, the active compounds of the present case may be used as additives per se in lubricants, hydrocarbon and otherwise. The surface phenomena which come into play as alresult of the present invention are not theoretical, a result demonstrated by the fact that the machine or other element is capable, as pointed out above, of functioning under extreme pressure conditions wlthout the necessity of maintaining an extreme pressure lubricant.

Desirably the .treatment of the machine element is carried out with heating, but the temperatures employed should not be sutficient to cause undesirable effects either on the'treating medium or on the metal treated. Since many of the treating agents utilizable in accord- .ance with the present invention are prepared at elevated temperatures or are resistant to elevated temperatures, higher temperatures may be employed in the treating bath with such agents thanwith those which are susceptible to undesired reaction or which give undesired effects on the metal or result in too rapid action. The length of such. treatments will thus varywith different circumstances, media and'metals', and may vary from a few minutes to several hours. The temperatures employed need not bemore than -moderate temperatures, as for example, of the order of 50 to 200 C. or may be substantially higher than 200 C. Unless undesirable reactions take place, as a general rule, shorter treatment periods at elevated temperatures and higher concentrations of treating agent may be employed as compared with slower and longer treatments at lower temperatures, or where the treating agent is present in minor amount in a large amount of inert carrying medium.

Various treating agents utilizable per se and in various combinations and in a variety of treating baths utilizing different types of mediums will be illustrated below to exemplify the present invention.

As indicated, suitable compositions may be produced by dispersing or dissolving inorganic phosphorus sulfides in liquids, dispersions, suspensions, and emulsions, in amount of l to 18.5% by weight of the composition, and utilized in the treatment of machine elements in accordancewith the present invention. Generally the liquid medium employed will be substantially inert to the particular phosphorus sulfide utilized. As exem plary or". the phosphorus sulfides that may be employed 7 there may be mentioned phosphorus pentasulfide P285, phosphorus sesquisulfide P483, phosphorus P456, phosphorus heptasulfide P437, phosphorus disulfide P355, etc. As pointed out above, the invention here is based on the use of alkylamines and alkylolamines. They give unique results. For some purposes other vehicles can be used but they are not the equivalents of the amines or alkyloamines.

persing or dissolving the inorganic phosphorus sulfide; there may be mentioned genated and similar substitution products, materials lika alphachlornaphthalene, the caustic alkalies or of organic bases, inorganic acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric, or in general any diluent capable of suspending or dispersing phosphorus sulfide so as to bring it in intimate contact with the metal surface'of the machine element and thereby enable it to form the desired phosphorus sulfide protective film. Such added vehicle components may be used with the amines and alkylolamines.

Gther desirable compositions that can be utilized in the treatment of metal machine elements include the reaction products of a phosphorus sulfide such as those set forth above with an organic body to produce a phosphorus-sulfur modified organic derivative. A wide variety of organic bodies may be utilized for modifica tion by the phosphorus sulfide treatment including aliphatic hydrocarbons either per se or in admixtures, fatty acids particularly hi h molecular weight fatty acids and their esters, ketones, alchohols both aliphatic and carbocyclic, dicarboxylic acids both aliphatic and aromatic, phenols and other hydroxy aromatic compounds, such as trichlordiphenyloxide, also including the hydroxy cycloaliphatics, sulfonic acids both aliphatic and carbocyclic and their derivatives, mineral oil, its fractions and distillations, olefines, olefine polymers, etc.

The phosphorus sulfide reaction products of these organic bodies are generally produced at temperatures of elevated order usually running from about F. to 500 F. The reaction is conducted by heating the materials together until evolution of hydrogen sulfide ceases at which time the reaction may be considered substantially complete. Where such heat treatments are carried out as With the mineral oil fractions, etc., a chemically reacted and modified product is obtained. While the mineral oil fractions, etc. may be utilized as media in which the phosphorus sulfide can be utilized in the treatment of machine elements, or with heat treatment where some phosphorus sulfide reaction product may be formed and an excess of unreacted phosphorus sulfide may also be present beyond that necessary for reaction. The amount of phosphorus sulfide employed for chemical =reaction on the organic material will vary within sub- As exemplary of the substantially inert liquids which may be utilized for dis- 5 the lower aromatic liquid by drocarbons such as benzene and toluene, and their halo;

solutions of inorganic bases like Treating compositions as set forth above containing 1-20% by weight of inorganic phosphorus sulfides may be utilized with or without the organic sulfo compounds which may merely be added to the mixtures containing the phosphorus sulfides or their derivatives as set forth above to produce compositions of value. The presence of free organo sulfo compounds in such treating compositions appears to have a synergistic action and to activate the phosphorus sulfide materials to form a more tenacious chemical protective lubricating film on the metal surface. The organic sulfo compounds that may be employed include particularly the sulfonic acids and the sulfonates derived from them as well as their esters, salts, amides and chlorides, and may be both aliphatic, aromatic, carbocyclic, alicyclic and heterocyclic. Generally the organic sulfonic acids and their salts or esters may be considered primarily from the standpoint of those of the aromatic hydrocarbons and those of the aliphatic series. Either or both may be utilized in carrying out the present invention for purposes set forth above but the sulfonic be those produced from individual hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons or may be those derived in the purification or treatment of petroleum fractions and distillates such as petroleum sulfonates including the mahogany acids and the green acids. Exemplary sulfonic acids of which the derivatives like salts and esters may also be employed include hexane sulfonic acid, amyl sulfonic acid, monochloroamyl sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, heptane sulfonic acid, acetone disulfonic acid, dichloroamylene sulfonic acid, myristic sulfonic acid, stearic sulfonic acid, anthracene sulfonic acid, the sulfonic chlorides, disulphonic dinaphthyl methane, tristearin sulfonic acid, amylum sulfonic acid, spermaceti sulfonic acid, petroleum sulfonates such as the mahogany sulfonates and sulfonic acids, diphenyl parasulfonic acid, polyalkylated diphenyl sulfonic acid, polyalkylated naphthalene sulfonic acids, sulfonated castor oil and similar materials, sulfo dicarboxylic acids and their esters, etc., etc. The benzene sulfonic acid is exemplary of other monocyclic aryl sulfonic acids such as toluene sulfonic acid, etc.

As an example of one method of producing a satisfactory sulfonic material, commercial benzol which may contain toluene, xylol, phenol, and other compounds, may be treated as follows:

Example A.The commercial benzol is sulfonated with fuming or concentrated sulfuric acid, the mixture being subjected to elevated temperatures. Starting with a definite weight of concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid, say 100 mole Weight, heated gradually, commercial benzol is added either in the liquid or vapor state to the extent of about 50 to 70 mole weight until approximately from one-half to three-fourths of sulfuric acid is reacted with the benzene to form benzene sulfonic acid and a mixture of other sulfonic acids where other materials as indicated above are present. To the sulfuric acid benzene sulfonic acid mixture, commercial naphthalene is added until about 50% of the remaining free sulfuric acid reacts with it to form naphthalene sulfonic acid. In production factory test runs, the crude naphthalene employed in the above mixture was approximately 50% naphthalene, 20% phenanthren-e, carbazole, and 20% anthracene. To this was added about 4 mole weight of phosphorus pentoxide to take up the water of reaction and with continued heating the resultant composition of sulfonic acids was substantially free from sulfuric acid.

In passing, it may be stated that the chloro benzene, chloro naphthalene, stearin, spermaceti, stearic acid, and the like were used in a manner similar to that just described with extremely satisfactory results. In any of these cases where sulfonic acids are present, any free sulfuricacidmay be eliminated in a variety of ,ways as by neutralization,precipitation as an inorganic compound, etc. While phosphorus pentoxide has been suggested as a dehydrating agent, other dehydrating agents may be employed. However, where the phosphorus pentoxide is utilized, the phosphorus may serve additionally beyond its dehydrating function merely, either to catalyze the surface reaction or may form a phosphoro-metal compound with the surface, etc. Any neutralization which is utilized to eliminate unreacted sulfuric acid or to reduce the amount present may be carried out by utilizing inorganic bases such as the alkalis, or organic bases such as aniline and other amines alkylol-amines such as the ethanolamines, etc. Other types of amines that may be employed are illustrated below in other connections and any of them may be utilized in accordance with this invention at this stage for neutralization of any free sulfuric acid present in the sulfonic acids produced.

These organic sulfo compounds whether sulfonic acids or sulfonates or esters thereof may be utilized as indicated above with the inorganic phosphorus sulfide, or mixtures of them,-and they may be so employed either per so where the sulfonic acid or the phosphorus sulfide derivative is a liquid medium which also serves to carry the other materials, or these combinations of materials may be employed together with inert liquids or mediums of the character set forth above.

The organo sulfo derivatives referred to above have been indicated for utilization with the inorganic phosphorus sulfides. Any of the indicated organo sulfo compounds including the sulfonic acids, their salts and esters may be employed in this Way either individual substantially pure sulfonic acids and their derivatives, or various admixtures of such sulfonic acids with themselves and with other derivatives; and they may be so employed with Water either with or without inert liquids or diluents being present or they may be employed in inert media of the character set forth above for use in other relations and particularly in the mineral oil or petroleum oil, their fractions and distillates to produce desirable products for treating machine elements. For example, a sulfonic acid may be selected that will stay in a petroleum lubricating oil fraction and utilized as such composition or a compatibilizing agent such as an alcohol may be introduced to serve as an intermediary medium in such combinations with or without the additions of other amines like Alkaterge-O, or similar materials. Where water is present in the composition it should be below any amount which will give the composition etching properties. Generally it will be less than 5 0% by weight of the-composition and usually will be less than- 33%. Amines which may be used herein include aliphatic, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic amines, and their alcoholamine derivatives such as: diethylamine, monoamylamine, diamylamine, triamylarnine, di-n-butylamine, monobutylamine, dibutylarnine, undecylamine, oleylamine, myristic amine, palmityl amine, stearylamine, mono-, diand triethanolamine, laurylolamine, palmitylolamine, stearylolamine, ethylene diamine, diamino isopropanol, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, benzylamine, morpholine, piperidine, pyridine, quinoline, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, etc. These amines may be added at any time either during the reaction when reaction products are being produced as set forth above, or after the reaction has been completed. They have a marked tendency to inhibit corrosion, and therefore, may desirably be included with any of the materials and compositions set forth above. The organic base or mixtures of them may be selected as to exhibit in addition, the property of absorbing or removing gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and other acidic gases that maybe present in the atmosphere, or those that may form in situ. Exemplifying this feature, the triethanolamine referred to above will function in this way. It has been found that the use of alkylamines and alkylolaminesand 'ifi te i y. pa being 'Thej alkylamines includeeither lower alkylamines such asmethyhethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl and higher long chain alkyls both straight and branched chain such as decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl,' octadecyl, in their several isomeric forms, and cycloalkyl such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc., while the alkylolamines, includethose where the alkyl is any of the alkyl groups set forth immediately above such as methylolarnines, ethylolamines, propylolamines, butylolamiues, decylolamines, tetradecylolamines, cyclohexylolamines, etc.

- Thefollowing examples. will illustrate the invention by weight unless otherwise indicated.

' Example1.-;-22O. parts of light fraction of mahogany soap wereheat ed at a temperature of 100 to 350 C. with 70 parts of phosphorus pentasulfide until the evolution of hydrogen sulfide substantially ceased, then 44 parts ofaluminum stearate were added and appeared to react with possible residual unreacted phosphorus sulfide complex; to this product 209 parts of 50 SAE oil were addcd; The whole mixture was neutralized with triethanol amine. V

; Suohcompositions may be utilized per se in the treatment of machine elements in accordance with the present invention in aqueous media as explained above or may be further modified. For example, sulfonic acids, particul arly oil rnis cible sulfonic acids may be incorporated with the composition. Diphenyl sulfonic acid may thus be employed. The resulting material may then be utilized either with phosphorus pentasulfide or other sulfides as illustrated above. In carrying out the addition of the sulfonic acids the following procedure maybe utilized. Diphenyl sulfonic acid or anthracene sulfonic acid and theilike may first be plasticized, dissolved or suspended V in a suitable medium such as an alcohol, for example,

isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, etc., and the resulting material added to the composition of Example 6'above. More phosphorus pentasulfide may then be added either by itself or previously dissolved in appropriate organic solvents such as an amine, for example, butyl or amyl amine The amine may serve a triple purpose in such connection: first, as a solvent for the phosphorus sulfide ahd lubricating medium; second, it may neutralize any acids or their gases formed when the phosphorus sulfide reacts in situ and may tend to absorb any hydrogen sulfide}, sulfur dioxide, etc., that may be formed; and third, may act by itself or enhance the rust proofing properties. The proportions of sulfonic acids added to such compositions will be illustrated below.

Example 2.--50 parts of the composition of Example 1; 2 parts of diphenylsulfonic acid.

:Example 3.'5O parts of the composition of Example 1. '5 parts toluene sulfonic acid.

Example 4.50 parts of the composition of Example l, sulfonic acid dissolved in alcohol.

' i Exa 'nple 5.-.The treating agent utilized in this example is the sulfonated commercial benzol containing toluene, etc. produced as set forth in Example A above. lt may be utilized as such in the treatment of machine elementsor with other media.

Example 6.-458 parts of phosphorus pentasulfide dissolvediin 723 parts of water and in 50 parts isopropyl alcohol and then added to 2790 parts of the composition of Examplel.

, Example [+100 parts of phosphorus pentasulfide dissolved in 500'parts of triethanolamine. i V

.Exqmple.8.--5OO parts of phosphorus pentasulfide, 1000 parts of sodium bicarbonate, ll00 parts of water, 100 parts of triethanolamine,

,T Example. 9. 4 0O. parts ofphosphorus pentasulfi'de',

parts of sodium bicarbonate, 900 parts of water, 100 parts or triethanolamine.

In any of the above-entitled compositions the; materials may be mixed in any desired way unless some special method of incorporation of the ingredients has been indicated. V Machine elements pretreated according to this invention and lubricated with a good noncorrosive extreme pres sure lubricant are capable of withstanding loads far in excess of those machine elements that are untreated in accordance with the present invention. Transmission gears pretreated in accordance with the present invention, when examined after an actual test run in an automobile engine, showed no signs of any scoring, sending, or seizure, while similar gears run under the same conditions but not given any pretreatment in accordance with the present invention, showed sign of wear, scratching and scoring. 7

Other exemplary results obtained by utilizing compositions of the present invention for pretreatment of fabricated machine elements will be given below. It is not intended to suggest that each stated composition is equally as good as any other stated composition under any and; all conditions. However, good results will be obtained;

with any of these compositions under general conditions t and particular conditions may be chosen to give improved results. In some cases the results obtained were determined on an Almen testing machine designed with 30 pounds as a maximum full load. Even with full load some tested articles showed no wear at all. Some articles like gears and pinions may desirably be tested in accordance with the number of hour that they stand up under an accelerated test under actual operating conditions and. compared with the conventional lubricating mediums of even extreme pressure lubricant type, normally employed in service in that connection. I The composition of Example .1 utilized in the pretreatment of gears, gave excellent results. This reference is to the first composition referred to at the beginning of Example 1 through addition of the triethanolamine. In the actual tests run the gears did not scuff, after 23 /2 hours operation, while operations utilizing conventional lubricants available on the market could not obtain comparative results in a test operation lasting more than 2 hours.

The composition of Example 2 gives fair results, for example at approximately half-load, while the composition of Example 3 gives excellent results even under full maximum load. The compositions of Examples 4, 5,6, and 7 gave excellent results, most of them even under full load, while the compositions of Examples 8 and 9 were at least good in the results obtained under approximately to load.

The composition of Example 6 used in the treatment of gears resulting in those machine elements which stood up 600 hours as compared with a 6 hour test for gears which had not been treated. The treatment with the composition of Example 6 was carried out by cooking the gears for 14 hours and 20 minutes in the'stated composition. Longer or shorter periods of treatment may be utilized and that given is merely exemplary. The composition of Example 4 gave most excellent results in connection with gears treated therewith. Examples 8 and 9 while satisfactory do not give as good results as those obtained with the compositions of Examples 1, 3,

4and6.

were treated and tested in the Almen machine. Exemplary results are as follows. A pin from the first bath failed at 14 pounds; one from the fourth bath did not fail at 30 pounds; another from the sixth bath stood up the maximum load of 30 pounds. These results may be compared with failure at 8 pounds in the Almen machine for treatment with plain oil.

A Word should be said as to the effect of water dilution producing etching. Etching of some metal parts may be caused by dilutions with water of 50% or even 33 /3 and should be avoided as a general rule. Such effect necessarily depends on the particular composition being used and the nature of the metal part being treated, time, temperature, and other factors.

Example I1.A mixture of 62.5 parts of sulfonic acid complex, as given in Example 10, with 6.25 parts of phosphorus pentasulfide dissolved in 6.23 parts of alcohol was used. The same parts were treated as in Example for times of to 45 minutes at a temperature 30 C. to 130 C. The pins in the Almen machine from first bath failed at 16 pounds, from the fourth bath stood up a maximum of 30 pounds, but the bath weakened sooner than that of Example 10.

Wire drawing dies, mandrels for drawing tubes, dies for deep drawing and stamping, dies for piercing were treated with compounds of Examples 10 and 11 and functional operations carried out without aid of any additional lubricating medium and gave superior results than with the conventional lubricants.

Having thu set forth my invention, I claim:

1. A composition for chemically treating fabricated machine elements in condition without further metal working for use under extreme pressure conditions normally causing wearing, scoring, and scufiing, which composition consists essentially of an inorganic phosphorus sulfide in amount of from about 1 to 18.5% by weight in a liquid medium component selected from the group consisting of alkylamines and alkylolamines, and mixtures thereof.

2. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the liquid medium includes a hydrocarbon lubricating oil.

3. The method of improving the load capacity of fabricated machine elements in condition without further metal working for use under extreme pressure conditions normally causing wearing, scoring and scufling, which method comprises chemically treating said machine elements in a treating medium which consists essentially of an inorganic phosphorus sulfide in amount of from 1 to 18.5 by weight in a liquid medium component selected from the group consisting of alkylamines and alkylolamines, and mixtures thereof, at a temperature of from about F. to 400 F. to modify the Wearing pressure surfaces of the element making it capable of withstanding extreme pressures and loads.

4. A method as set forth in claim 3 in which the liquid medium includes a hydrocarbon lubricating oil.

5. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the component is triethanolamine.

6. A composition as set forth in claim 5 in which the liquid medium includes an organic sulfonate in minor amount.

7. A composition as set forth in claim 1 in which the liquid medium includes an organic sulfonate in minor amount.

8. The method as set forth in claim 3 in which the component is triethanolamine.

9. The method as set forth in claim 8 in which the liquid medium includes an organic sulfonate in minor amount.

10. The method as set forth in claim 8 in which the liquid medium includes an organic sulfonate in minor amount.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,988,584 Dana et al Jan. 22, 1935 2,266,378 Farrington et al. Dec. 16, 1941 2,297,909 Neely et a1 Oct. 6, 1942 2,311,653 Farrington et al. Feb. 23, 1943 2,328,727 Langer Sept. 7, 1943 2,346,356 Burke Apr. 11, 1944 OTHER REFERENCES National Petroleum News, vol. 37, No. 49, pages R-lOOl, R-1002, R-1003, R-1004, R-1006, R-l00 R-lOlO. 

1. A COMPOSITION FOR CHEMICALLY TREATING FABRICATED MACHINE ELEMENTS IN CONDITION WITHOUT FURTHER METAL WORKING FOR USE UNDER EXTREME PRESSURE CONDITIONS NORMALLY CAUSING WEARING, SCORING, AND SCUFFING, WHICH COMPOSITION CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF AN INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE IN AMOUNT OF FROM ABOUT 1 TO 18.5% BY WEIGHT IN A LIQUID MEDIUM COMPONENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYLAMINES AND ALKYLOLAMINES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF. 